Tshooj 1 Dredging Instruments
2.1.1.1 General
Dredge dredging kev tsim kho yog kev ua haujlwm hauv qab dej, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov xwm txheej hauv qab dej, thiab hauv kev tsim kho yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv, randomness zoo heev. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv dredging kom raws sij hawm nkag siab txog kev nce qib ntawm kev tsim kho dredging, kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm dredging kev tsim kho kom zoo, txhim kho dredging kev tsim kho efficiency, muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, yog kom paub txog qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev tshawb fawb dredging.
Dredging ntsuas yog siv los ntes, hloov, tso saib, tswj cov txheej txheem dredging, cov txheej txheem tsis muaj qhov ntsuas, suav nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv peripheral lossis cov cuab yeej pabcuam. Niaj hnub no, lub xov tooj cua locators, tide level telemeters, thiab lwm yam kuj muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov scope.
Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm lub dredger tau qhia hauv Table 2.1.1-1
Table 2.1.1-1 Dredging Instruments for Dredgers
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Hom nkoj |
Dredging Instrument Name |
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Bucket Wheel Dredger |
Av nkos twj tso kua mis tsis siv neeg maub los, nqus nqus qhov taw qhia, qhov taw qhia tawm qhov siab, ntsuas ntsuas, ntsuas ntsuas, ntsuas cov khoom siv, ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntev, qhov ntsuas qhov ntev thiab qhov hloov pauv, lub thoob qhov tob thiab qhov taw qhia txoj haujlwm, kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem dredging, xov tooj cua qhov chaw ntaus ntawv, hluav taws xob daim ntawv qhia system, thoob log winch tsis siv neeg maub los, thiab lwm yam. |
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Cutter Suction Dredger |
Av nkos twj tso kua mis tsis siv neeg maub los, lub tshuab nqus tsev theem, tso tawm siab qhia; concentration meter, flow meter, ntau lawm meter, cutter qhov tob thiab txoj hauj lwm qhia, cutter xyuas thiab tsis siv neeg maub los, dredging cross-section saib, integrated automatic dredging tswj system, lateral txav tsis siv neeg tswj, thiab lwm yam. |
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Thoob Chain Dredger |
Tsis Siv Neeg Mud Dredging Monitoring thiab Control System (nrog rau kev hloov kho tsis siv neeg lossis tso saib qhov system rau thoob choj thiab winch cable tso tawm thiab rov qab) rau pem hauv ntej qhov taw qhia, cov av nkos kev sib hloov ceev qhia, thiab lwm yam. |
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Grab Dredger |
Grab Depth Indicator, Grab Opening Degree Meter, Grab Lifting Speed Meter, Grab Load Meter, Grab Machine Rotation Angle Indicator, thiab lwm yam. |
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Bucket Dredger |
Digging Depth Indicator, Boom Rotation Angle Indicator, Aft Pile Inclination Angle Indicator, Bucket Handle Backward Angle Indicator. |
2.1.1.2 Basic Composition of Dredging Instruments
Dredging instruments feem ntau yuav muab faib ua peb ntu: sensors, ntsuas circuits thiab tso saib (saib daim duab 2.1.1-1). Feem ntau ntawm cov twj dredging ntawm dredgers siv cov kev ntsuas uas tsis yog hluav taws xob. Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis siv hluav taws xob suav nrog kev ntsuas hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis, kev tswj tsis siv neeg thev naus laus zis, microelectronics thev naus laus zis, khoos phis tawj thev naus laus zis thiab sensor technology, thiab lwm yam.
1.Sensor
Sensors yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb hauv kev paub txog cov ntaub ntawv tsis siv neeg tshawb pom thiab tswj tsis siv neeg. Nws lub luag haujlwm yog los daws cov txheej txheem dredging ntawm kev tswj tsis siv hluav taws xob thiab kev kuaj pom tus nqi ntawm cov xov xwm. Yuav yog sab nraud, lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub cev tsis muaj hluav taws xob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov cuab yeej dredging, qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas nws tau txais yog muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tseeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm tag nrho cov cuab yeej.
2. Kev ntsuas Circuit Court
Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob yog los ua cov txheej txheem, hloov pauv thiab hloov cov teeb liab tawm ntawm lub sensor mus rau hauv cov lej, thiab xa cov teeb liab digital mus rau microprocessor los ntawm kev tsim nyog interface. Nyob rau hauv lub dredging ntsuas, ntau hom kev ntsuas circuits, xws li choj circuits nyob rau hauv analog circuits, theem rhiab circuits, ua hauj lwm amplifier circuits, thiab lwm yam .; nyob rau hauv lub digital circuits muaj rooj vag circuits, logic circuits (nrog rau ntau yam triggers), digital / analog thiab analog / digital converter. Daim ntawv thov uas Circuit Court nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntawm hom sensor.
3. Cov cuab yeej tso saib
Cov cuab yeej tso saib yog siv los ua cov khoom lag luam, qee qhov hu ua cov cuab yeej tso saib. Hauv cov twj dredging feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb hom zaub: ib qho yog analog zaub, xws li pointer type meter ib milliampere meter, voltmeter thiab lwm yam. Qhov thib ob yog cov khoom siv digital, xws li digital voltmeter, digital counter, digital zaus ntsuas. Qhov thib peb yog cov duab tso tawm, nws tau tso tawm ntawm CRT screen kom pom cov txiaj ntsig lossis ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov hloov nkhaus thiab lwm yam duab.
Nyob rau hauv lub dredging ntsuas nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub microprocessor los yog microcomputer ntxiv rau kev ua cov digital quantities ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj yog ib tug zoo dua kev daws teeb meem rau daim ntawv thov ntawm sensors nyob rau hauv lub nonlinear thiab dynamic yam ntxwv ntawm cov nyiaj them, los txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub twj tso kua mis. ntsuas, tso saib lossis sau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm los pab txhawb kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem dredging, kev tswj xyuas lub sijhawm ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm dredging; tab sis kuj cov zis ntawm cov digital kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv, los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov digital-rau-analog converter, hloov mus rau hauv Analog teeb liab, kev tswj lossis kev tswj cov khoom siv dredging sib raug rau cov actuator (qee qhov kev tswj ncaj qha nrog cov teeb liab digital); tseem tuaj yeem muaj kev tswj tsis siv neeg, tsis siv neeg calibration, nrhiav nws tus kheej kev txiav txim siab, lossis tsis siv neeg ntsuas kev txiav txim thiab kev txheeb xyuas, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo, rau hauv kev tswj kom muaj nuj nqis thiab kev tswj xyuas. Nws tuaj yeem pom, muaj microcomputer (lossis microprocessor) dredging ntsuas muaj peb qhov txuas tseem ceeb: ib qho yog cov khoom tso tawm sensor rau hauv cov lej digital; ob yog qhov tsim nyog interface Circuit Court; peb yog qhov kev npaj ntawm ib daim ntawv thov software tsim nyog.
